This psalm can be explained literally of David, or
mystically of Christ, or allegorically. Morally it concerns the just man, and
heretics, as the Gloss explains.
Therefore, David first sets forth his confidence, In
the Lord I put my trust: as liberated by God's righteous judgment, weighing
sinners down and lifting up the poor.
Some people counseled David when he was fleeing so
that he would go to a fortified place and indeed to the mountains; or, so that
he would hide there as a sparrow would. For (what reason)? Lo, the wicked
have bent their bow, etc. This can be explained in two ways. First, so that
these words are not David's, but (instead are those) of others: and so, Get
thee away, because They (the wicked) have bent their bow. Or,
(second), these words are David's, as if he were saying, In the Lord I put
my trust:...for they have bent their bow, they have prepared their arrows etc.
And (with respect to the second of these), he does three things. First, he sets
forth their perverse solicitude, second, their perverse intention, at, to
shoot, and third, their unjust activity, at, For, they have destroyed the
things which thou hast made.
(This could also be said) mystically of
Christ. And so, "I, the Christ, In the Lord I put my trust: how, then, do
you, the pharisees, say...get thee away...to the mountain, that is, to the
observances of the law given on Mount Sinai. Deuteronomy 33:2: The Lord came from
Sinai, and from Seir he rose up to us; and unless you do this, Lo, the wicked
have bent their bow etc, that is, they have readied themselves to kill you and
your disciples; For they have destroyed the things which thou hast made,
that is, they have killed.
For, lo, the wicked, that is the heretics, Have
bent their bow, that is, have drawn (or "turned") sacred
scripture towards themselves, just as those who aim a bow: They have prepared
their arrows, eloquence full of poison, In the quiver, that is, in memory and
knowledge: Jeremiah 5:16: Their quiver is as an open sepulcher. To shoot the
upright of heart, that is the just, In the dark, that is, deceitfully: Jeremiah
9:8: Their tongue is a piercing arrow.
"These (wicked men) have acted so; but what
does the just Lord, seeing this, do in his might?" Jeremiah 33:16: This is
the name that they shall call him, The Lord our just one. He answers (his)
question, and sets down what the just one does. First, (he sets forth) his
judicial power, or the rank of the judge, second, the judge's examination, at,
His eyes, and third, the condemnation of those closely examined, at, He that
loveth iniquity.
If a judge always punishes, he is cruel; if he
always pardons, he is remiss. God, however, both pardons and punishes; for that
reason, the judgment seat of mercy has a place, and this is the temple.
His eyelids examine the sons of men. By eyelids is
signified discernment, for just as the eyelids direct the sight of the eye, so
too does discernment regulate human wisdom. Sometimes he punishes, other times
he spares, sometimes he gives kindnesses, and at other times he bears (these
gifts) away.
He examines the sons of men, because by these very
(examinations), some are made better, while others (are made) worse; or, by the
scriptures, some are made better, others worse: for some understand
(scriptures) well and are not tired (by the effort), but are engaged busily (by
them), while the evil do the contrary.
He shows that as much as it is on the part of God,
He is not the ruin of wicked (men), but rather (this ruin) is on our part;
whence he says, He that loveth iniquity, that is, sin: John 3:20: Every one
that doth evil, does iniquity, because sin is iniquity. (Such a person) hates
his own soul: Wisdom 16:14: A man through malice hates his own soul.
But it is asked, how could anyone hate himself?
It is to be said that the sinner after a fashion
hates himself; but simply (speaking), no one hates himself: Ephesians 5:29: No
man ever hates his own flesh.
But that the evil hate themselves in a way, and
that even the good hates themselves after a fashion, is made clear in this way:
Our soul has two faces (so to speak); one turned to God in accordance with
reason, the other turned to flesh in accordance with the sensitive nature,
which comprehends things in so far as they are bodily. And as everything
delights in its proper good, so too does man delight in that which he considers
to be his soul. Sinners consider their soul to be that which they principally
aspire after. For everything is (identified with) that which is pre-eminent in
it, just as a king is his kingdom, or his rule. Therefore, the former having a sensitive
nature delight in it; however, the latter, having an intellectual nature, love
it. And so, no one hates his soul insofar as it is that which he principally
considers. The good, therefore, hate their souls with respect to its sensitive
nature, while the evil hate its intellectual aspect.
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